indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
so; like this; in this way
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
there is no way that ...; easy; simple
oh!; ah!; oh dear!; good grief!; dear me!; thank God!
long; drawn-out; very long
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
generally; mainly; nearly all; almost all; gist; summary; staying within bounds
last; final; end; conclusion; rust
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
number one; first; best; most; game; round
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
senior high school; high school
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
certainly; surely; undoubtedly; just; precisely; exactly
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!