shell (e.g. electron shell)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
reality; actuality; hard fact
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
silver hair; gray hair; grey hair
head of the student council; president of the student council
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
inside one's heart; in one's mind
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to make a sound; to give off a sound; to hear a sound
to feel; to sense; to experience
in the meanwhile; during the time
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
large number; innumerable; great many; immense; vast; abundant
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
simple honesty; tactless frankness
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to