prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
temple; sacred place; shrine; sanctuary; tabernacle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
sunlight; rays of the Sun
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
here and there; in places
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
dark brown; colour of tanned skin
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
green grass; young (fresh) grass
to examine someone's expression
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
to face; to go towards; to head towards
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
odds and ends; all; every
wild grasses; field grass; wildflowers
yellow; high-pitched (voice); shrill
to enliven (e.g. a conversation); to animate; to engage in enthusiastically; to become successful and well known
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mountain range; mountain belt
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
level ground; plain; flatland