spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head of the student council; president of the student council
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
window frame; window sill
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
schoolyard; playground; school grounds; campus
cloud of dust (sand, etc.)
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pole; rod; line; dash; spoken monotonously
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
break (from work, etc.); recess
time; hour; period; class
in spite of; regardless of
dirt; filth; stain; blot; spot
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at once; immediately; right away; directly (face, lead to, etc.); automatically (mean, result in, etc.)
to wipe; to mop up; to get rid of (an impression, feeling, blemish, etc.); to dispel (e.g. shame); to erase
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...