excursion; field trip; school trip
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
snowy mountain; permanently snow-covered mountain; pile of snow; Himalayas
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
unexpectedly; surprisingly
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
by means of; due to; because of; according to
being in a hazy state; being only half conscious; feeling dopey
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to talk; to chat; to chatter
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
senior high school; high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(with) only a few left; (with) little left
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
in regard to; concerning (usu. of disputes)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
collision; crash; running into; conflict; quarrel; clashing
one way or another; in many ways; in various ways
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
totally at a loss; lose one's bearings; in a maze; in a fog; all at sea; up in the air
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
in truth; in actuality; at heart; the truth; the real story
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
superlative; extraordinary; mega; superdreadnought (class of warships)
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time