this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
familiar; well-known; regular (e.g. customer); old stand-by
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
while it may be true that; just because; nevertheless; not necessarily
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
of course; certainly; naturally
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
unskillful; poor; awkward; imprudent; untactful
in comparison to; rather than
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
January; first month of the lunar calendar
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
February; second month of the lunar calendar
till; to; concerning (an area of expertise); swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
actually; in fact; as a matter of fact
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!