character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
religious organization; religious organisation
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reproduction; duplication; reprinting
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to rise in revolt; to raise the standard of revolt
previous generation (e.g. one's parents); family predecessor; predecessor; previous age
superintendent; director; curator; chief librarian
acting as agent; acting on (someone's) behalf; executing business for
strict; severe; stern; rigid; rigorous; tough
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
cruelty; coldheartedness; relentless; ruthless
woman; female; feminine gender
person with a lot of experience; old hand; veteran (in a particular field)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
heavy machinery; heavy equipment; heavy machine gun
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
recollection; reminiscence
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface