prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
only; merely; but; no more than
notification; pre-1886 administrative order
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
side entrance; tradesman's entrance; service entrance; staff entrance
front entrance; front door
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
one's family register; one's domicile; nationality; membership (club, party, etc.)
erasure; striking off; crossing out; cancellation; deletion
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
bare minimum; minimum necessary (amount, number, etc.)
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
very young; little; childish; immature
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
rather; sooner; preferably
miserable; wretched; unhappy; sad; pitiable
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)