this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
actual existence; real existence; existing in real life
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
group; party; team; organization; organisation; association
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
riverbank (esp. the Yangtze River)
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass (of time); to elapse
tradition; legend; folklore
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
of course; certainly; naturally
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
feature (e.g. newspaper); special edition; report
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
hand; handball (soccer foul)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
consideration; inquiry; enquiry; investigation; study
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out