indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to maintain itself; to last; to make itself pay; to make a living; to keep going
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hand down (a story, legend, etc.); to pass on (to the next generation); to spread (a rumor, news, etc.); to circulate; to send word; to pass on (a message)
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
thorny shrub; wild rose; briar; thorn; cusp
to become overgrown; to grow thick; to spread; to run rampant; to thrive
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to stagnate; to settle (at the bottom); to deposit; to become sluggish; to become dull; to be delayed
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
sunlight filtering through trees
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in a lively way; vividly; freshly; animatedly; actively; energetically
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
to win over; to win (someone's) heart and mind
to cease; to stop; to be over
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings