to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
while; even though; despite
to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to wander about; to roam about; to knock around
hollow; cavity; hole; cave
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
sutra; Buddhist scriptures
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to live; to reside; to inhabit
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to go along; to walk along; to follow
white; unseasoned; undyed; very much; precisely; playing dumb
to come and go; to go back and forth
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)