illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
suffix for familiar person
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass (of time); to elapse
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
in a crowd; in droves; crawling (of insects); swarming; dragging (e.g. along the ground); trailing
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
should; must; -able; probably; likely
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get tired of; to lose interest in; to be fed up with; to have enough
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally