original text; source book; draft
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
going; travelling; act; action; bank; counter for banks; counter for groups or parties of people
party; group; troop; one act; one action; one deed
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
multicolumn layout; column setting
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
after this; from now on; hereafter; thereafter; since (then); after
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
replacement; substitute; displacement; transposition; reset
annotation; explanatory note; comment
abbreviation; omission; outline; gist; plan; strategy
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to throw violently against; to slam against; to strike; to thrust at someone (e.g. a letter)
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
blame; censure; rebuke; reproof
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
one's possessions; ownership
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to plunder; to grab; to snatch
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
tradition; legend; folklore
the Kojiki and Nihon-shoki