book; volume; this; present; main; head
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recommendation; endorsement
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to be in danger of; to be liable to
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
viewer (e.g. for film slides or x-rays); (image) viewer
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to differ; to vary; to disagree
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
now; the present time; just now; another; more
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
praiseworthy; commendable; laudable; strange (person); weird; odd
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result