origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
to prepare; to provide; to set up; to establish; to organize
defense; defence; protection
by means of; due to; because of; according to
hard-to-overcome obstacle; high hurdle; (lit.) thick wall
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
east, west, south and north
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
permanent stationing; staying permanently; resident (program, file, etc.)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to go under; to pass under; to dive (into or under the water); to evade; to get around; to survive
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to take notice (of); to pay attention (to)
middle-age; middle age; midlife; one's middle years
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
protection; safeguard; guardianship; preservation; conservation
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
tabby cat; tiger cat; striped cat
easily; readily; quickly; lightly (seasoned food, applied make-up, etc.); plainly; simply
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
passerby; pedestrian; foot passenger
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
as expected; predictably; not surprisingly