abrupt; sudden; unexpected
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
obedient; meek; docile; honest; frank; upfront (about one's feelings)
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
to shed tears; to (begin to) cry
long time; long interval; for quite some time
not writing or contacting for a while; neglecting (failing) to write (call, visit, etc.); long silence
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)