chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
vulgar; indecent; coarse; crude
ranking; toplist (e.g. of WWW sites)
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
congratulation; celebration
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
elder sister; older female friend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
close associate; close aide; brains-truster
temporary; provisional; fictitious; assumed (name); hypothetical; theoretical
to drag along; to pull; to force someone along; to prolong; to drag out; to influence strongly
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to press a question; to cross-examine
to break a dam; to burst out
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to say; to be pleased to say
thankfully; fortunately; luckily; thanks to your (his, their, everyone's, etc.) kindness; thanks to your assistance; thanks to your support
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
getting one's finger caught (e.g. in a door); getting one's finger pinched; jamming one's finger in a door; yakuza finger-cutting ritual
almost (did); nearly (did)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
woman; female; feminine gender
employee (of a store); shop assistant; clerk; salesperson