today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
unevenness (of colour, paint, etc.); irregularity; unevenness (of quality, results, behaviour, etc.); inconsistency; fickleness; capriciousness
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to jump at; to be attracted by
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shoulder; to carry on one's shoulder; to nominate for a position; to choose as a representative; to take (someone) for a ride; to deceive
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
while; during; while; although; all; both
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience
both hands; both arms; ten
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
although I say; although one might say; although called
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
to feel; to sense; to experience
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
all over; everywhere; in every nook and cranny
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do