department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
adopted daughter; foster daughter
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to blow through; to blow across
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
shopping; purchased goods
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
when it becomes; when it comes to
woman; female; feminine gender
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
baptismal ceremony; baptism