at this stage; at this point; now (contrasting with the past)
to re-think; to think back upon; to change one's mind
long ago; already; a long time ago
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
everything; anything; nothing
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reality; actuality; hard fact
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
bubble on surface of liquid; ephemeral; transient
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
society; the world; the times
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
all; entire; whole; altogether
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
feeling; sense; impression
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
that day; the very same day
Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa); yellow catalpa (Catalpa ovata); Japanese mallotus (Mallotus japonicus); printing block; catalpa bow; catalpa medium
river; stream; River; the ... river
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience