that day; the very same day
Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa); yellow catalpa (Catalpa ovata); Japanese mallotus (Mallotus japonicus); printing block; catalpa bow; catalpa medium
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
don't you think?; indicates question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
sound of the wind; voice of the wind
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to disappear into; to slip into; to be lost in; to be mixed up with
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
firm-sided backpack made of leather, etc. (used by Japanese elementary schoolchildren, often red for girls and black for boys)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
in comparison to; rather than
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
being at sea; losing one's bearings; (arch.) disorientation upon waking at night; (arch.) forgetting which house or room to enter
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think