at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
should; must; -able; probably; likely
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
thereabouts; vicinity; that area; that situation; those circumstances
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
vague; ambiguous; shady; disreputable; fuzzy
strict; close; precise; scrupulous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to mix; to combine; to exchange (words, fire, etc.); to cross (e.g. swords); to join together
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
concise; brief; succinct; compact (style)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
absurd; ridiculous; silly; ludicrous; nonsensical; asinine