elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
logs in bark; rough wood; unseasoned timber; new lumber
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
table of contents; contents
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
after school (at the end of the day)
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
clear; sonorous; full-sounding; resonant; bright
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hang (something) on (something); to throw on (clothes); to hook; to catch; to cheat; to evade payment; to drink (alcohol)
cup (drinking vessel, measure, brassiere, prize, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
suffix for familiar person
pressing; urging; demanding; demand
understood; I see; OK; present; here
mandarin (esp. the satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)); mandarin orange; tangerine; citrus (Citrus spp.)
by myself; in person; by oneself
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
to try and do something; to attempt to do something
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
kotatsu; table over an electric heater (orig. a charcoal brazier in a floor well) with a hanging quilt that retains heat
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
basket (shopping, etc.); hamper; cage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
with a slap; with a pop; without batting an eyelid; generously; cutesy suffix applied to names
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such; this sort of; like this