indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
chapter one; first chapter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
telephone receiver; telephone mouthpiece; making a telephone call; receiving a telephone call
more; much more; step; rung; paragraph; passage
article; news story; report; account
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to read out; to read aloud; to call out; to finish reading; to read through
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to graduate from a university
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to run off; to break into a run; to start running
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
writing; composition; essay; sentence
what date?; what's the date?; when?
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)