colour; color; hue; tints
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
second-year student; biennial
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
January; first month of the lunar calendar
till; to; concerning (an area of expertise); swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
in the meanwhile; during the time
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
notch; nick; marks on a ruler
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
meaning; significance; sense
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
those (near the second person)
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
to end one's life; to commit suicide; to end a life; to kill
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
rational; logical; coherent
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you