library; book collection; paperback book
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fragment; one of the group or party
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
being orientated (towards); pointing (towards); directional (e.g. microphone); -oriented
guidance; leading; induction; introduction; incitement; inducement
conclusion; resolution; gathering and bundling; convergence; focusing (e.g. light); convergence
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to point; to nominate; to select someone; to identify; to indicate; to play (a game of shogi)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)
-ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
woman; female; feminine gender
to become pale; to turn pale