if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
complex; complicated; intricate; mixed (feelings)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
summer vacation; summer holiday
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to pass (of time); to elapse
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
sister-in-law (spouse's younger sister or younger brother's wife); younger stepsister; younger adopted sister; non-blood-related younger sister
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
extended leave; long vacation
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
senior high school; high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
best; extra-fine; exceptionally; extraordinarily; jumping and slashing (e.g. at an enemy)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
although I say; although one might say; although called