this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to watch; to try to
model (of machine, device); model of aircraft; type of aircraft
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difference; variation; difference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
library; book collection; paperback book
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
means of deceiving another
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
completely ordinary; plain; commonplace; everyday
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
senior high school; high school
annual (plant); first-year student
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
ordinary citizen; the general public
to set foot into; to enter; to step inside; to cross the threshold
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
party venue; place for a party; banquet hall
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
man; male; masculine gender
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on