sleep; sleeping; inactivity; death
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring; to take; to bring about
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
interference; intervention; meddling
to abolish; to abandon; to repeal; to dethrone; to depose
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
change; transformation; innovation; Reformation
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
whistling arrow used to signal the start of battle; start (e.g. of a movement); beginning; dawn
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
while; during; while; although; all; both
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
corridor; hallway; passageway
to fly around; to scatter
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to breathe one's last; to pass away; to die; to expire
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
cruel; merciless; atrocious; pitiful; tragic; horrible
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to roll; to tumble; to fall over; to roll over; to lie down; to be scattered about; to be lying around
common; shared; to be common (to); to be shared (by); -wide
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
scorn; disdain; contempt; slight