indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reverberate; to resound; to echo; to have one's fame spread; to be renowned
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
curtain; bunting; act (in play)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
noisily; clamorously; incessantly (complaining, pestering, etc.); going on and on; loudly (crying); wailing
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
sidelong glance; short grain (paper)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
to face; to go towards; to head towards
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
by the way; incidentally; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
unexpected meeting; coincidence
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
shade; shadow; behind (something); other side; background; behind the scenes
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
stunning; electrifying; striking; eye-popping; brilliant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
un-Japanese in appearance or character
beautiful face; good looks; beauty
to have; to possess; to own; to be endowed with
to make matters worse; besides; what's more; in addition; on top of that
(one's) figure; build; physique; style
outstanding; excellent; exceptional; preeminence; distinction; extraordinariness