indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reasoning; inference; deduction; mystery or detective genre
patient's chart; clinical records; record (e.g. student, equipment maintenance, etc.)
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
Tokyo Metropolis (prefecture); Tokyo metropolitan area
the whole area; all areas
community-based health care; community medicine
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
conference room; council room
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
white clothes; white robe; white gown (worn by doctors, chemists, etc.); commoner without rank (in ancient China); layperson
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)