elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
shiso (Perilla frutescens var. crispa); perilla; beefsteak plant
table of contents; contents
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
unwritten law; common law; unwritten rule
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); to be limited to; to be confined to; to only account for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
settlement; permanent residency
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
to approach; to draw near
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
deer (esp. the sika deer, Cervus nippon); cervid
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
watering hole; watering place
small stream; brooklet; murmuring (as of a stream)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
salt; common salt; hardship; toil; saltiness; cold
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.