prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
accident; disaster; incident; uprising; emergency
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
beach; seashore; captured pieces (in the game of go); captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
private room; single (room); room for one; (toilet) stall
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to rise; to raise up; to straighten up; to sit up; to stand up
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
adhesive bandage; sticking plaster; band-aid
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wind; to coil; to envelope; to shroud; to outflank; to skirt
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
such; like that; that sort of; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations