indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
thick; dense; rich (as in taste or content); crowded
iron rust; iron hydroxide
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to awaken; to arouse from sleep; to bring to one's senses; to disabuse (someone of); to sober up; to dampen
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to feel; to sense; to experience
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
even; if only; if just; as long as; the only thing needed
to be sticky; to be stringy; to be glutinous
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
choking; suffocating; stifling; oppressive; heavy
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to compress; to pack
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to choke; to be choked by; to be stifled by
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
self-consciousness; self-awareness