prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
manager; landlord; warden; root (user)
spiritual realm of humanity
three and eight; Arisaka Type 38 rifle
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
seventh day of the month; seven days
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
Saitama prefecture (Kanto area)
river; stream; River; the ... river
Yue (kingdom in ancient China; 6th C-334 BCE); Vietnam
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time