to become pale; to turn pale
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
white paper; flyleaf; blank paper; clean slate; lack of prior opinion, positions, etc.; scratch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing
noise (usu. unpleasant); interference (e.g. radio); static; gossip; irresponsible criticism
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamour
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
(many) mountains; very much (wanting to do something one cannot); greatly; so many; a lot of
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
stagnation; tie-up; standstill; congestion; delay; accumulation
to fade (of a colour); to grow dull in color (colour); to lose vividness; to lose freshness; to grow stale
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to become old enough to understand what's going on around oneself (of a child, etc.); to reach the age of discretion
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
doubt; question; suspicion; dubiousness
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood