even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
riches; wealth; resources; lottery
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
ought to have been; was ... right?; to do for (inferiors)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
speaking of ...; as for ...
really; truly; indeed; good grief
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
The Count of Monte Cristo (1844 novel by Alexandre Dumas)
origin; genesis; opening; start; beginning
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
people; men and women; each person; everybody
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
distinguished family; noted family; family status in the Imperial Court; master (of a craft); expert
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
actually; in fact; as a matter of fact
ancestor; forefather; foremother
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others