indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
going to and fro; back and forth
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
allotment (allocation) of marks
accident (caused by negligence); error; blunder; fault; defect
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
consists of; comprises; is made up of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
port (left side of vessel)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon
to face; to go towards; to head towards
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
on the sea; on the ocean; offshore
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
loose; slack; gentle (slope, curve); slow (speed); lenient; liberal
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
side; flank; profile; aspect; dimension
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
Musashi (former province located in parts of present-day Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures)
carved seal; engraved stamp; to engrave (a seal); to carve; to make an impression (with a seal)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more