rough (estimate, manner, etc.); crude; broad; loose; careless (work)
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
century; hundred years; (fig.) a long time
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
research establishment; research institute; laboratory
to originate with; to start with; to stem from
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
having an ancient and honorable origin
... being the case; (precisely) because ...; as might be expected from ...
faculty; professorate; group of professors
pride; boast; credit (to)
speciality; specialty; subject of study; expert; area of expertise
(major) mark; level; barrier; 100-yen unit (stock market)
counter for places, parts, passages, etc.
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
historic; historical; traditional
details; particulars; longitude and latitude; warp and weft; warp and woof
true state; actual condition; reality
materials; ingredients; material (for a novel, experiment, etc.); subject matter; grounds (for a decision, judgement, etc.); basis
study; scholarship; learning; discipline; branch of learning; (a) science
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
permanent national policy
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to plunge into; to charge into; to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to press (someone) about
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
suffix for building numbers
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
waterfall; (arch.) rapids