indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to detain; to check; to restrain
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
than; from; out of; except; but; more
carved seal; engraved stamp; to engrave (a seal); to carve; to make an impression (with a seal)
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
prime minister; premier; chancellor
selection; choice; choosing; picking; election
emperor (of Japan); mikado
order of chivalry; chivalric order
adjutant; aide; aide-de-camp
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday