indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to crawl; to creep; to slither; to wriggle; to trail (of vines, flowers, etc.); to spread
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
doll; dhole (Cuon alpinus); Indian wild dog
to shun; to avoid; to ostracize; to neglect; to distance oneself from; to give the hard shoulder
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
underground spring; Hades; hell; underworld
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
hatred; abhorrence; loathing; detestation
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
epitaph; inscription on a tombstone
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
(metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); the centre or seat (of) (center); (government) office; fu; historical administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam
same as on the left; (in vertical writing) same as below
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
flag; banner (administrative division of Inner Mongolia)
main body (of an army); main force; these troops