Paloh (Malaysia); Paro (Bhutan)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tan (i.e. suntan); to burn
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to gouge; to hollow out; to greatly perturb; to cause emotional pain; to get to the bottom of things; to relentlessly bring the truth to light
to be sad; to mourn for; to regret
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
shout; cry; outcry; yell; shriek; scream
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
in that way; thus; so; so?
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(lit.) blood flows; to have the blood of ... running in one's veins (artist, warrior, etc.); to be born with particular skills, characteristics, etc.; to have something "in one's blood"
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
prime minister; premier; chancellor
advanced level; high grade; senior
count; earl; chief official of the Department of Worship; (arch.) eldest brother; Brazil; Brazilian