first (written) contribution
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mitsuba (Cryptotaenia japonica); Japanese honewort; Japanese honeywort; three-leaved; trefoil
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
sprout; shoot; bud; germinal disk (in an egg)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
being startled; getting a shock
so; like this; in this way
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to spring; to bound; to be stimulated; to be encouraged; to pay handsomely; to splurge
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (endure); stoically
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at once; immediately; right now
to begin to run; to start running; to break into a run
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
to come to one's senses; to calm down
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)