owner of a hermitage; abbess; prioress; nun in charge of a Buddhist convent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
putting one's life on the line; staking one's life (on); risking one's life; life and death situation
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
younger brother (of an older brother); younger sister (of an older sister); youngest child; young; younger; young and beautiful
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
soft; tender; limp; subdued (colour or light) (color); gentle; meek
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
verdant; fresh and green; bright green; lush
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to grow thickly; to be in full leaf; to be rampant; to luxuriate; to be luxurious
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
(flower) bud; promising young person; budding beauty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to rock; to shake; to swing
those (near the second person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stimulate one's appetite; to whet one's appetite
honorific/polite/humble prefix
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
light; easy; non-serious; minor
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
whole family; entire family; all over the house; throughout the house; retainer of a daimyo; feudal domain