bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
discovery; detection; finding
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to adopt (method, proposal, etc.); to take (measure, course of action, etc.); to pick (e.g. flowers); to gather (e.g. mushrooms); to extract (e.g. juice); to take (e.g. a sample); to assume (an attitude)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing
to dash against (of waves); to billow; to roll; to wave (e.g. in the wind); to heave; to pound (of a heart)
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to chase; to run after; to pursue
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
while; during; while; although; all; both
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to run; to dash; to gallop (on horseback); to canter; (arch.) to advance (against one's enemy); (arch.) to charge (on horseback)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; metastasis; spread; transition (e.g. phase transition); transfer (of learning)
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons