wedge; chock; linchpin; tie; bond
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drill; to bore; to hit the mark; to get to the heart of (the matter); (arch.) to put on; (arch.) to wear
deep pool; deep water; abyss; depths (e.g. of despair, etc.); grip (e.g. of death)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
messenger; envoy; emissary
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
just now; a moment ago; this very minute
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
family; members of a family
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
series (of something); range (e.g. of mountains)
to be crowded; to be packed; to be complex; to go into; to put into; to do intently
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until now; so far; up to the present
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
as a child; when one was a child; childhood
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
to trace (drawing); to follow; to imitate; to copy; to reproduce
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
walking; pace; step; course (of history, one's life, etc.); history; pitch (of a screw, etc.)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during