this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
to be brought forward (e.g. by three hours); to be moved up; to be hasty; to be rash; to quicken; to speed up
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
while; during; while; although; all; both
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
regret; repentance; remorse
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the way back; the way home; return trip
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
instant; moment; for an instant
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
pardon; forgiveness; tolerance; leniency; mercy; going easy (on someone)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
going straight on; going straight ahead
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
showy; loud; gay; flashy; gaudy
to send (something) flying; to splatter; to drive (something) off
field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one's) ken
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
to be flurried; to be confused; to lose one's head
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something