indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
fight; battle; combat; struggle (for rights, higher wages, etc.); strife; (labor) dispute
fear; horror; anxiety; concern; uneasiness; reverence
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
difference; disparity; gap
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
mystery; mysteriousness; secret
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
neglected garden; abandoned garden; closing down (of zoo, kindergarten, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
(not) even once; (not) ever
to get cloudy; to cloud over; to cloud up; to fog up; to be gloomy; to be clouded (expression)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
northern country; northern provinces; northern regions; northland
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature