prefix for forming ordinal numbers
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sleepover; overnight stay
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
don't you think?; indicates question
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to nod; to bow one's head in assent; to agree
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to build up one's strength; to get stronger; to give (someone) strength; to cheer (someone) up; to encourage (someone)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
meagre; meager; scarce; limited; destitute; hard up
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
two persons; two people; pair; couple