indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
bell (often a large hanging bell); chime
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
servant; manservant; menial
service; duty; business; Buddhist religious services
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
going; travelling; act; action; bank; counter for banks; counter for groups or parties of people
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
endless; boundless; everlasting
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting